Patient Instruction and Specimen Acceptance / Preservation Protocol • Applies to: Medical Technologists, Phlebotomists, Nursing Staff
1
PATIENT PREPARATIONVerify Patient ID & Explain Procedure: Verify 2 identifiers (Full Name, DOB). Explain midstream clean-catch principles in clear language (Waray-Waray / English). Instruct patient to wash hands thoroughly with soap and clean water.
SOP-CM-001 §5.2.1
2
PERIURETHRAL CLEANSINGPerform Careful Periurethral Cleansing:
• Female: Spread labia, cleanse front-to-back using clean water/antiseptic wipes; discard wipes. Keep labia parted during voiding.
• Male: Retract foreskin if uncircumcised, cleanse glans penis thoroughly from meatus outward.
SOP-CM-001 §5.2.1
3
MIDSTREAM VOIDDiscard Initial Stream & Collect Midstream: Allow first stream of urine to flow into toilet (clears urethral commensal bacteria). Pass sterile specimen cup into stream without stopping urine flow; collect 12 to 30 mL of urine (minimum 12 mL for adults; 3–5 mL for pediatric). Discard remaining urine into toilet.
SOP-CM-001 §5.2.1
12–30 mL
4
SEAL & LABELSeal Container & Label in Patient's Presence: Tighten screw cap securely to prevent leakage. Label container (not lid) immediately with: Full Name, Hospital/Bed No., Date, and Exact Collection Time.
SOP-CM-001 §5.2.1
5
STOP / TIME LIMITPrompt Laboratory Delivery & Temperature Management: Unpreserved urine must be delivered and analyzed within 1 to 2 hours of collection. If analysis is delayed > 2 hours, store refrigerated immediately at 2 to 8 °C (valid up to 6 hours maximum).
SOP-CM-001 §5.2.2
≤ 2 hours
6
MEDICAL TECHNOLOGISTEquilibrate Before Analysis: Remove refrigerated urine and allow to stand at room temperature (18 to 25 °C) for 15 to 20 minutes before dipstick or microscopic testing. Cold urine inhibits reagent pad enzymatic reactions, causing false negatives. Mix gently by 5 inversions.
SOP-CM-001 §5.2.2
15–20 min
Specimen Rejection Criteria (SOP 5.2.4)
Condition
Action
Unlabeled / Mismatched ID
Reject; request immediate recollection
Leaking or unsealed container
Reject; biohazard & contamination risk
Fecal / toilet tissue contamination
Reject; instruct patient & recollect
Insufficient volume (< 12 mL adult)
Reject; request additional void
Unpreserved at room temp > 2 hours
Reject; cells lyse & bacteria overgrow
Active menstrual bleeding
Reject unless approved by physician
Degradation in Delayed Urine (> 2h ambient)
Parameter
Change Mechanism
Glucose
Bacteria multiply and consume glucose (false neg)
pH
Urease bacteria split urea to ammonia (↑ pH > 8)
RBCs & Casts
Rapid lysis in alkaline / dilute urine
Bilirubin / Urob
Photo-oxidation to biliverdin / urobilin (↓)
Turbidity
Amorphous urates / phosphates precipitate
Bacteria / Nitrite
Bacteria proliferate; false positive nitrite
Prepared by: Chief Medical Technologist / Laboratory Quality Manager